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Automotive Injury Biomechanics and Safety Performance Analysis

30 Chapters
View Course Samples Online
01
Introduction to automotive injury biomechanics
historical evolution, regulatory drivers, and the role of safety performance analysis in vehicle development.
automotivebiomechanics
02
Human anatomy and physiology for crash injury assessment
skeletal, soft tissue, and organ systems relevant to head, neck, chest, abdomen, and lower extremity injuries.
physiologyassessment
03
Injury mechanisms and tolerances
strain, stress, acceleration, and deflection thresholds for AIS and ISS coding in automotive crash scenarios.
mechanismstolerances
04
Anthropomorphic Test Devices (ATDs)
design, instrumentation, calibration, and limitations of Hybrid III, THOR, and WorldSID dummies.
AnthropomorphicATDs
05
Human body models (HBMs)
finite element mesh development, validation against PMHS data, and application in crash reconstruction.
HBMsdevelopment
06
Crash test configurations and data acquisition
frontal, side, rear, and rollover tests; sensor types, sampling rates, and filtering per SAE J211.
configurationsacquisition
07
Occupant kinematics and restraint system interaction
seat belt geometry, pretensioners, load limiters, and airbag deployment timing.
Occupantkinematics
08
Head injury biomechanics
skull fracture, concussion, diffuse axonal injury, and criteria such as HIC, BrIC, and CSDM.
biomechanicsfracture
09
Neck injury biomechanics
whiplash, facet joint injury, and criteria including NIC, Nkm, and Nij.
biomechanicswhiplash
10
Thoracic injury biomechanics
rib fracture, lung contusion, aortic rupture, and criteria such as CTI, VC, and chest deflection.
Thoracicbiomechanics
11
Abdominal and pelvic injury biomechanics
liver, spleen, kidney laceration, pelvic fracture, and associated injury criteria.
Abdominalbiomechanics
12
Lower extremity injury biomechanics
femur, tibia, ankle, and foot injuries; axial force, bending moment, and tibia index.
extremitybiomechanics
13
Pediatric and elderly occupant biomechanics
age-specific material properties, injury patterns, and restraint adaptations.
Pediatricoccupant
14
Female occupant biomechanics
anatomical differences, injury risk disparities, and the need for female-specific ATDs and HBMs.
occupantbiomechanics
15
Vulnerable road users
pedestrian and cyclist injury biomechanics, leg impact, head impact, and countermeasures.
Vulnerablepedestrian
16
Vehicle crashworthiness design
crumple zones, occupant compartment integrity, and energy absorption structures.
crashworthinessoccupant
17
Restraint system optimization
airbag pressure, venting, seat belt force limits, and adaptive restraint control using occupant sensing.
Restraintoptimization
18
Seat design and whiplash protection
head restraint geometry, seatback stiffness, and anti-whiplash systems.
whiplashprotection
19
Child restraint systems (CRS)
ISOFIX/LATCH, belt-positioning boosters, side impact protection, and misuse effects.
restraintCRS
20
Injury criteria and risk curves
statistical methods, logistic regression, and derivation of injury probability functions from field data.
criteriastatistical
21
Crash reconstruction and accident analysis
delta-V, principal direction of force, and reconstruction software (PC-Crash, HVE).
reconstructionaccident
22
Field data analysis
NASS/CDS, CIREN, and GIDAS databases for real-world injury pattern identification.
analysisNASS/CDS
23
Finite element simulation of occupant safety
model setup, material models, contact definitions, and validation against sled tests.
simulationoccupant
24
Sled testing and component-level validation
pulse generation, fixture design, and correlation with full-scale crash tests.
component-levelvalidation
25
Regulatory and consumer testing
FMVSS, ECE, Euro NCAP, and IIHS protocols; star ratings and their biomechanical basis.
Regulatoryconsumer
26
Advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) and injury mitigation
automatic emergency braking, pre-crash seat belt activation, and reversible restraints.
Advancedassistance
27
Autonomous vehicle occupant safety
non-standard seating positions, interior design, and new injury biomechanics challenges.
Autonomousoccupant
28
Battery electric vehicle crash safety
structural differences, battery intrusion, fire risk, and occupant protection.
electricstructural
29
Human tolerance variability
effects of age, sex, BMI, and pre-existing conditions on injury outcomes and safety design.
tolerancevariability
30
Future directions in automotive injury biomechanics
active human body models, machine learning for injury prediction, and personalized safety systems.
directionsautomotive