2. 测试环境搭建：Docker容器化部署、OpenAPI网关配置、缓存中间件（Redis/Memcached）初始化

缓存冒烟检查的可靠性高度依赖测试环境的真实性与可复现性。本章将指导你通过 Docker Compose 一键拉起包含 OpenAPI 网关、Redis 与 Memcached 的完整测试拓扑，并完成网关路由规则与缓存实例的初始化配置。所有操作均面向集成测试前置条件，不涉及业务逻辑。

2.1 环境拓扑总览

测试环境由四个核心容器组成，它们之间的调用关系如下图所示：

2.2 Docker Compose 编排文件

使用以下 docker-compose.yml 定义四个服务。注意网络模式采用自定义桥接网络 cache-test-net，保证容器间通过服务名互访。

version: "3.9"

services:
  # ---------- OpenAPI 网关 ----------
  openapi-gateway:
    image: kong:3.5
    container_name: cache-gateway
    environment:
      KONG_DATABASE: "off"
      KONG_DECLARATIVE_CONFIG: /etc/kong/kong.yml
      KONG_PROXY_ACCESS_LOG: /dev/stdout
      KONG_ADMIN_ACCESS_LOG: /dev/stdout
      KONG_PROXY_ERROR_LOG: /dev/stderr
      KONG_ADMIN_ERROR_LOG: /dev/stderr
      KONG_ADMIN_LISTEN: "0.0.0.0:8001"
    ports:
      - "8000:8000"   # 代理端口
      - "8001:8001"   # 管理端口（仅测试环境暴露）
    volumes:
      - ./kong.yml:/etc/kong/kong.yml:ro
    networks:
      - cache-test-net
    healthcheck:
      test: ["CMD", "kong", "health"]
      interval: 10s
      timeout: 5s
      retries: 5

  # ---------- Redis ----------
  redis:
    image: redis:7-alpine
    container_name: cache-redis
    ports:
      - "6379:6379"
    command: ["redis-server", "--requirepass", "testpass123", "--appendonly", "no"]
    networks:
      - cache-test-net
    healthcheck:
      test: ["CMD", "redis-cli", "-a", "testpass123", "ping"]
      interval: 10s
      timeout: 3s
      retries: 5

  # ---------- Memcached ----------
  memcached:
    image: memcached:1.6-alpine
    container_name: cache-memcached
    ports:
      - "11211:11211"
    command: ["memcached", "-m", "64", "-c", "1024"]
    networks:
      - cache-test-net
    healthcheck:
      test: ["CMD", "nc", "-z", "localhost", "11211"]
      interval: 10s
      timeout: 3s
      retries: 5

networks:
  cache-test-net:
    driver: bridge

2.3 OpenAPI 网关声明式配置

Kong 以 DB-less 模式运行，路由规则由 kong.yml 声明式定义。以下配置为缓存操作创建两条路由：/cache/redis 和 /cache/memcached，分别指向后端缓存服务。

# kong.yml — 声明式网关配置
_format_version: "3.0"

services:
  - name: redis-cache-service
    url: http://redis:6379
    routes:
      - name: redis-route
        paths:
          - /cache/redis
        methods:
          - GET
          - POST
          - DELETE
        strip_path: true
        protocols:
          - http
          - https

  - name: memcached-cache-service
    url: http://memcached:11211
    routes:
      - name: memcached-route
        paths:
          - /cache/memcached
        methods:
          - GET
          - POST
          - DELETE
        strip_path: true
        protocols:
          - http
          - https

# 全局插件：请求日志与速率限制（冒烟检查用）
plugins:
  - name: rate-limiting
    config:
      minute: 100
      policy: local
  - name: file-log
    config:
      path: /var/log/kong/access.log

2.4 缓存中间件初始化脚本

容器启动后，需要执行初始化操作：设置 Redis 密码验证、清空遗留数据、验证 Memcached 可达性。以下脚本在测试套件 @BeforeSuite 阶段执行。

// CacheInitializer.java — 测试前置初始化
public class CacheInitializer {

    private static final String REDIS_HOST = "localhost";
    private static final int REDIS_PORT = 6379;
    private static final String REDIS_PASSWORD = "testpass123";
    private static final String MEMCACHED_HOST = "localhost";
    private static final int MEMCACHED_PORT = 11211;

    public static void init() {
        // 1. 清空 Redis 所有数据（避免脏数据干扰）
        try (Jedis jedis = new Jedis(REDIS_HOST, REDIS_PORT)) {
            jedis.auth(REDIS_PASSWORD);
            jedis.flushAll();
            System.out.println("[INIT] Redis flushed, keys=" + jedis.dbSize());
        }

        // 2. 验证 Memcached 连接并清空
        try (MemcachedClient client = new MemcachedClient(
                new InetSocketAddress(MEMCACHED_HOST, MEMCACHED_PORT))) {
            client.flush();
            System.out.println("[INIT] Memcached flushed, stats=" + client.getStats());
        }

        // 3. 验证网关健康状态
        HttpClient httpClient = HttpClient.newHttpClient();
        HttpRequest request = HttpRequest.newBuilder()
                .uri(URI.create("http://localhost:8001/status"))
                .GET()
                .build();
        try {
            HttpResponse response = httpClient.send(request, HttpResponse.BodyHandlers.ofString());
            if (response.statusCode() == 200) {
                System.out.println("[INIT] Gateway healthy: " + response.body());
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            throw new RuntimeException("Gateway not ready, abort test suite.", e);
        }
    }
}

2.5 环境就绪验证步骤

执行以下命令序列，确认所有组件正常运行：

1. 启动容器：docker compose up -d
2. 检查容器状态：docker compose ps — 四个服务均为 Up 且健康检查通过
3. 验证网关路由：curl -s http://localhost:8000/cache/redis/ping 应返回 +PONG
4. 验证 Memcached 可达：echo -e "stats\r" | nc localhost 11211 应返回统计信息
5. 运行初始化类：执行 CacheInitializer.init() 无异常抛出

2.6 常见问题与排查