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Occupant Injury Biomechanics Experimental Engineering

30 Chapters
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01
Course overview
scope, core concepts, and the role of experimental engineering in occupant injury biomechanics.
experimentaloccupant
02
Injury biomechanics fundamentals
injury mechanisms, tolerance criteria, and biomechanical response corridors for key body regions.
biomechanicsmechanisms
03
Experimental design principles
hypothesis formulation, variables, controls, and statistical power for occupant injury studies.
Experimentalprinciples
04
Human surrogate selection and limitations
PMHS, ATDs, and human volunteers in impact biomechanics experiments.
surrogateselection
05
Anthropomorphic Test Devices (ATDs)
design, instrumentation, calibration, and biofidelity assessment for crash testing.
AnthropomorphicATDs
06
Post-mortem human subject (PMHS) testing
procurement, preparation, handling, and ethical/regulatory requirements.
Post-mortemPMHS
07
Instrumentation for injury biomechanics
accelerometers, load cells, strain gauges, and pressure sensors in impact experiments.
Instrumentationbiomechanics
08
Data acquisition systems
sampling rates, filtering, anti-aliasing, and synchronization for transient impact events.
acquisitionsampling
09
High-speed imaging and motion analysis
camera setup, tracking markers, and DIC for deformation measurement.
High-speedanalysis
10
Impact loading devices
drop towers, sled systems, pendulum impactors, and custom rigs for targeted injury studies.
pendulumimpactors
11
Sled testing for occupant restraint evaluation
pulse generation, boundary conditions, and occupant kinematics measurement.
occupantrestraint
12
Head injury experimental methods
skull fracture, concussion, and TBI models using impactors and free-fall setups.
experimentalfracture
13
Neck injury experimentation
tension, compression, bending, and shear loading to characterize cervical spine tolerance.
experimentationcompression
14
Thoracic injury experiments
rib fracture, lung contusion, and cardiac injury under blunt and belt loading.
Thoracicexperiments
15
Abdominal injury experimentation
liver, spleen, and kidney tolerance to compression and impact.
Abdominalexperimentation
16
Pelvis and lower extremity injury experiments
hip, femur, tibia, and foot/ankle under axial and bending loads.
extremityexperiments
17
Spine injury experimentation
thoracolumbar fractures and spinal cord injury in compression and flexion-distraction.
experimentationthoracolumbar
18
Soft tissue injury characterization
skin, muscle, ligament, and tendon experiments for strain-rate dependent properties.
characterizationligament
19
Bone biomechanics experiments
cortical and trabecular bone properties, fracture toughness, and specimen preparation.
biomechanicsexperiments
20
Injury criteria and tolerance limits
HIC, BrIC, Nij, chest deflection, and other metrics derived from experiments.
criteriatolerance
21
Scaling and normalization of experimental data
mass, velocity, and geometry scaling for cross-species and size comparisons.
normalizationexperimental
22
Biofidelity evaluation of surrogates
correlation, regression, and objective rating methods against PMHS data.
Biofidelityevaluation
23
Experimental uncertainty
error sources, repeatability, reproducibility, and uncertainty quantification in impact tests.
Experimentaluncertainty
24
Data processing and analysis
signal conditioning, filtering, integration, and injury risk function development.
processinganalysis
25
Finite element model validation using experimental data
inverse methods, material parameter identification, and validation metrics.
validationexperimental
26
Restraint system experiments
airbags, seat belts, and pretensioners evaluated with ATDs and PMHS.
Restraintexperiments
27
Pedestrian and cyclist impact experiments
head, torso, and lower limb loading in vehicle collisions.
Pedestrianexperiments
28
Blast and ballistic injury experiments
primary blast lung, TBI, and behind-armor blunt trauma.
ballisticexperiments
29
Advanced experimental techniques
digital image correlation, pressure-sensitive film, and high-rate material testing.
Advancedexperimental
30
Capstone project
design, execute, and report a complete occupant injury biomechanics experiment with ethical and engineering rigor.
Capstonecomplete