1. 银行账户开户与基本信息管理

任务说明

本案例实现一个最小可运行的银行账户开户模块：录入客户信息、选择账户类型、生成唯一账号，并将账户初始状态设为 ACTIVE。核心数据保存在内存中，便于直接验证开户流程。

环境与依赖

• Python 3.8+，仅使用标准库（dataclasses、uuid、datetime）。
• 无需第三方依赖，直接运行脚本即可。

开户流程

完整实现

from dataclasses import dataclass, field
from datetime import datetime
from uuid import uuid4
from enum import Enum

class AccountType(Enum):
    SAVINGS = "储蓄账户"
    CHECKING = "活期账户"
    FIXED = "定期账户"

class AccountStatus(Enum):
    ACTIVE = "ACTIVE"
    FROZEN = "FROZEN"
    CLOSED = "CLOSED"

@dataclass
class Customer:
    name: str
    id_card: str
    phone: str

@dataclass
class Account:
    account_no: str
    customer: Customer
    account_type: AccountType
    status: AccountStatus
    balance: float = 0.0
    created_at: str = field(default_factory=lambda: datetime.now().isoformat(timespec="seconds"))

class AccountStore:
    def __init__(self):
        self._accounts = {}

    def _generate_account_no(self) -> str:
        # 16位数字账号，前缀62表示银行标识
        return "62" + uuid4().hex[:14].translate(str.maketrans("abcdef", "012345"))

    def open_account(self, customer: Customer, account_type: AccountType) -> Account:
        if not customer.name or not customer.id_card:
            raise ValueError("客户姓名与身份证号不能为空")
        if not isinstance(account_type, AccountType):
            raise ValueError("账户类型无效")

        account_no = self._generate_account_no()
        while account_no in self._accounts:
            account_no = self._generate_account_no()

        account = Account(
            account_no=account_no,
            customer=customer,
            account_type=account_type,
            status=AccountStatus.ACTIVE,
        )
        self._accounts[account_no] = account
        return account

    def get(self, account_no: str) -> Account:
        return self._accounts.get(account_no)

if __name__ == "__main__":
    store = AccountStore()
    customer = Customer(name="张三", id_card="110101199001011234", phone="13800000000")
    account = store.open_account(customer, AccountType.SAVINGS)

    print("账号:", account.account_no)
    print("户名:", account.customer.name)
    print("类型:", account.account_type.value)
    print("状态:", account.status.value)
    print("余额:", account.balance)
    print("开户时间:", account.created_at)

    # 验证：账号可被查询到，且状态为 ACTIVE
    fetched = store.get(account.account_no)
    assert fetched is not None
    assert fetched.status == AccountStatus.ACTIVE
    assert len(account.account_no) == 16 and account.account_no.isdigit()
    print("验证通过：账户已开户并处于 ACTIVE 状态")

运行方式

python account_open.py

验证方法与通过条件

• 脚本正常退出且打印“验证通过：账户已开户并处于 ACTIVE 状态”。
• 账号为 16 位纯数字，且能通过 store.get() 查询到同一账户对象。
• 账户初始 status 为 ACTIVE，balance 为 0.0。
• 若客户姓名或身份证号为空，open_account 抛出 ValueError，可用于补充异常路径测试。